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巴西资讯巴西贸易物流2026年9月26日

美国关税砍掉巴西非纸浆原木产量9.8%,纸浆用材逆势创纪录

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U.S. tariffs hit Brazil’s timber production in 2025

IBGE数据显示,2025年巴西非纸浆用原木产量因美国关税下降9.8%至5920万立方米,木材出口总量降12.3%;但纸浆造纸用原木产值增18%至176亿雷亚尔,拉动林业总产值创479亿雷亚尔新高。在巴中资木材贸易与纸浆供应链企业需重新评估对美出口敞口与采购结构。

为什么值得关注

美国关税致巴西非纸浆原木产量降9.8%、木材出口降12.3%,纸浆用材产值增18%创纪录,中资木材贸易与纸浆采购需重估对美敞口。

巴西地理与统计研究所(IBGE)周四(24日)发布《2025年林业生产与采伐调查》,显示受美国加征关税冲击,2025年巴西用于纸浆和造纸以外用途的原木产量下降9.8%至5920万立方米,木材出口总量下降12.3%至720万吨、出口收入下降8.8%至38亿美元。IBGE研究员Carlos Alfredo Barreto Guedes(卡洛斯·阿尔弗雷多·巴雷托·格德斯)指出,美国是该板块主要市场之一,关税上调导致出口下降、生产商削减产量。对在巴从事木材贸易、纸浆供应链及对美转口的中资企业而言,这一结构性变化直接影响采购成本、出口路径与库存策略。

IBGE数据勾勒出2025年巴西林业的分化图景。非纸浆用原木板块产量降至5920万立方米,降幅9.8%,产值91.4亿雷亚尔,与2024年基本持平(微增0.1%)。据巴西农业部Agrostat数据,2025年巴西木材出口总量下降12.3%至720万吨,出口收入下降8.8%至38亿美元,其中对美木材出口量下降19.7%,美国在该行业出口收入中的份额从2024年的42%降至37%。该板块在林业整体中的占比也从25%降至22%。与之形成对比的是,纸浆和造纸用原木产量增长6.7%至1.3033亿立方米,产值增长18%至176亿雷亚尔,创历史纪录。格德斯称这一表现代表疫情后复苏。2025年巴西林业总产值达479亿雷亚尔,同比增长6.7%,创历史新高;其中人工林产值增长8.5%至410亿雷亚尔,野生采掘产值下降3.1%至69亿雷亚尔。人工林面积增长4.8%至1038万公顷,桉树种植面积扩大6.1%至815万公顷,占人工林总面积的78.6%;松树186万公顷,占17.9%;其他树种365029公顷,占3.5%。

对在巴中资企业而言,冲击最直接的环节是木材贸易与对美转口业务。底稿未涉及中资企业直接影响,但通过出口市场结构变化间接传导:美国占巴西木材出口收入份额从42%降至37%,意味着以美国为主要目的地的巴西木材供应商正在寻找替代买家,中国作为全球最大木材进口国之一,可能面临巴西供应商更积极的报价与更灵活的账期条件。同时,非纸浆用原木产量收缩9.8%,可能推高巴西国内原木采购价格,影响在巴中资木材加工、家具制造及建筑模板企业的原料成本。纸浆用材板块的强劲增长(产量增6.7%、产值增18%)则为中资纸浆贸易商和造纸企业提供了更充足的供应预期。监管层面,巴西农业部(MAPA)通过Agrostat发布出口数据,木材出口合规与原产地证明仍由MAPA及巴西环境与可再生资源研究所(IBAMA)管辖,中资贸易商需关注对美出口减少后巴西是否调整出口许可或检疫要求。

底稿显示,美国关税是导致非纸浆用原木产量和出口下滑的直接原因,IBGE研究员明确将产量削减归因于出口下降。数据表明,巴西林业增长动力已从出口导向的非纸浆原木转向内需和纸浆产业链,纸浆用材产值176亿雷亚尔创历史纪录,抵消了非纸浆板块的疲软。CBI认为,这一分化对中资企业的含义是:以美国市场为终端的巴西木材供应链正在重构,中资买家在巴西的议价能力短期可能增强,但需警惕巴西供应商因对美出口受阻而将库存转向中国市场、压低现货价格的同时,也可能带来质量分级和交付周期的波动。CBI观察,纸浆用材的纪录增长与全球纸浆需求周期相关,若2026年全球纸浆价格维持高位,巴西纸浆用材板块将继续吸走林业投资,非纸浆原木的供给弹性可能进一步下降。

待观察:第一,巴西农业部Agrostat下一期木材出口数据(预计2026年一季度发布),重点关注对美出口份额是否继续下滑至35%以下,以及对华出口是否出现补偿性增长。第二,IBGE 2026年林业生产与采伐调查(预计2027年发布)中非纸浆用原木产量是否止跌,以及纸浆用材产值能否维持18%的增速。第三,美国对巴西关税政策是否在2026年出现调整,任何豁免或加码都将直接改变巴西木材出口流向,进而影响中资贸易商的采购窗口。

CBI 观察编辑判断

底稿显示,美国关税是巴西非纸浆原木产量下降9.8%的直接原因,IBGE研究员明确将减产归因于出口下滑。CBI认为,巴西木材出口市场正从美国向中国等替代市场转移,中资买家短期议价空间扩大,但需关注巴西供应商库存转移带来的质量与交付波动。

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信息概要

类型
市场数据
方向
巴西
分类
贸易物流
层级
编辑整理
地点
在巴中资木材贸易商、纸浆供应链企业、木材加工及家具制造企业、造纸企业。
核验
待核验
对象
在巴中资木材贸易企业纸浆供应链采购负责人对美转口贸易商
话题
贸易行业趋势

来源信息

来源
Valor International
原文标题
U.S. tariffs hit Brazil’s timber production in 2025
原始语言
英语
原文链接
查看原文 →
编辑
Clara Lin
查看原文(英语)

U.S. tariffs hit Brazil’s timber production in 2025

The first wave of U.S. tariffs on Brazilian products last year led to a decline in the production of roundwood destined for uses other than the pulp and paper industry in Brazil. U.S. cuts Brazil sugar quota, hits Northeast mills Brazil set to lose over $100m in premium beef sales to EU The production volume of roundwood for other purposes fell by 9.8% to 59.2 million cubic meters, according to data from the 2025 Forestry Production and Extraction Survey, released Thursday (24) by IBGE. The United States is one of the main markets for roundwood outside of the pulp and paper sector, said Carlos Alfredo Barreto Guedes, an IBGE researcher. “With the tariff hikes [by the United States], [Brazilian] producers cut back production quantities due to falling exports,” he said during a press conference. The production value for this segment remained virtually flat compared to 2024, posting a marginal increase of just 0.1% to R$9.14 billion, according to IBGE. Overall timber exports dropped 12.3% in volume last year to 7.2 million tonnes, while shipment revenue fell by 8.8% to $3.8 billion, according to data from the Ministry of Agriculture’s Agrostat. These declines were driven by a reduction in trade with the United States. The volume of timber shipped to the country decreased by 19.7%. In 2025, the U.S. share of the sector’s total export revenue fell to 37%, down from 42% a year earlier. Reduced access to the U.S. market caused the roundwood segment for other uses to lose ground within the broader forestry sector, dropping from 25% in 2024 to 22% the following year, IBGE data show. Conversely, in the roundwood segment dedicated to the pulp and paper industry, production rose 6.7% last year to 130.33 million cubic meters, according to the IBGE survey. The segment’s production value grew 18%, reaching R$17.6 billion. “Brazilian production of roundwood for pulp and paper hit a record in 2025,” Guedes emphasized. He noted that the performance represents a recovery, as segment output had declined during the pandemic. The strong performance tied to the pulp and paper industry also helped improve overall forestry results in 2025. The value of Brazil’s forestry production reached a record high last year, totaling R$47.9 billion—a 6.7% increase over the previous year. Within forestry, the production value of wild extraction dropped 3.1% to R$6.9 billion, while overall planted forest production value rose 8.5%, to R$41 billion. According to IBGE, the survey results confirm a trend observed in previous years: the growth of planted timber products at the expense of logging in native forests. The area planted with forests grew 4.8% compared to the previous year, totaling 10.38 million hectares. Eucalyptus cultivation continued to stand out. The area planted with the species expanded 6.1% to 8.15 million hectares, accounting for 78.6% of total planted forest area. Meanwhile, the area dedicated to pine saw a slight increase of 0.1% to 1.860 million hectares, representing 17.9% of the total. Other species accounted for 365,029 hectares under cultivation, marking a 0.2% annual increase and a 3.5% share of total planted forests.

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