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巴西资讯巴西宏观市场2026年8月13日

亚马逊大豆禁令遭挑战,非合规种植两年激增37%

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Soy planting expands on cleared land as moratorium faces scrutiny

Abiove研究显示,2023/24至2025/26年度亚马逊非合规大豆种植面积增长37.2%,达10.1万公顷,禁令面临法律挑战,可能推高巴西大豆出口合规风险,影响在巴中资贸易商和采购商。

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大豆禁令面临挑战,非合规种植激增37%,直接影响在巴中资大豆贸易商的供应链合规和采购成本。

巴西植物油行业协会(Abiove)委托Serasa Experian进行的研究显示,2023/24至2025/26作物年度,亚马逊生物群落在2008年7月后 cleared 的土地上,不符合大豆禁令(Soy Moratorium)的大豆种植面积增长了37.2%,相当于101,000公顷。Abiove总裁André Nassar表示,这一增速远快于以往季节(此前每年约增加30,000公顷),并指出数据表明没有禁令,农民会增加在 cleared 土地上的种植。该加速发生在对大豆禁令的首批法律挑战之后,包括2024年10月向巴西经济防御行政委员会(Cade)提出的首起投诉,以及马托格罗索州通过法律取消参与禁令的贸易公司的税收优惠。

核心事实:根据Abiove委托Serasa Experian进行的研究,在2023/24至2025/26作物年度,亚马逊生物群落中于2008年7月后 cleared 的土地上,不符合大豆禁令的大豆种植面积增长了37.2%,相当于101,000公顷。Abiove总裁André Nassar表示,这一增速远快于以往季节,此前每年增加约30,000公顷。他指出,数据表明没有大豆禁令,农民会增加在 cleared 土地上的种植。Nassar还提到,禁令结束后森林砍伐风险增加,引用《科学》杂志7月发表的研究,预测未来十年亚马逊森林砍伐可能达到140万公顷。加速发生在对大豆禁令的首批挑战之后,包括2024年10月向巴西经济防御行政委员会(Cade)提出的首起投诉,以及马托格罗索州通过法律取消参与禁令的贸易公司的税收优惠。然而,马托格罗索州大豆种植者协会(Aprosoja-MT)主席Lucas Costa Beber认为,该研究并未显示森林砍伐增加,而是表明非合规地区的大豆种植效率提高,并引用官方数据称2025年8月至2026年5月亚马逊森林砍伐警报下降了37.5%,为历史同期最低。

中资企业触点:底稿未直接涉及中资企业,但通过大豆贸易链条间接传导。在巴中资大豆贸易商和采购商(如中粮国际、北大荒等)可能面临供应链合规审查压力,尤其是对亚马逊产区大豆的溯源要求。巴西监管机构Cade的投诉进展和马托格罗索州税收优惠取消,可能影响当地大豆出口成本。若禁令被削弱,非合规大豆流入市场,可能引发国际买家(包括中国)对巴西大豆环境合规性的质疑,进而影响采购合同和价格。底稿未提及具体中资企业,但通过贸易合规机制传导。

CBI解读:底稿显示,非合规大豆种植面积加速增长与禁令遭遇法律挑战的时间点高度吻合,表明政策不确定性正在鼓励部分农户扩大非合规种植。Abiove总裁Nassar引用《科学》杂志研究预测,禁令结束后未来十年森林砍伐可能达140万公顷,这凸显了禁令对环境保护的关键作用。然而,Aprosoja-MT主席Beber提出相反观点,认为数据反映的是种植效率提升而非砍伐增加,并引用官方砍伐警报下降37.5%作为佐证。CBI认为,双方分歧在于对“非合规种植”的定义和解读,但不可否认的是,禁令的法律基础正在被削弱,这增加了未来政策走向的不确定性。对于中资企业而言,需关注巴西大豆出口的合规风险,尤其是欧盟等市场可能加强监管,间接影响中国采购策略。

待观察:一是Cade对大豆禁令投诉的审理进展,预计2026年上半年有初步裁决;二是马托格罗索州税收优惠取消后,当地大豆种植面积和出口量的实际变化,可关注2026年收获季数据;三是亚马逊森林砍伐警报的月度数据,若持续下降,可能缓解国际压力,但需警惕非合规种植的隐性增长。

CBI 观察编辑判断

事实:底稿显示非合规种植面积两年增长37.2%,且禁令遭遇法律挑战。CBI认为,政策不确定性是加速的主因,但Aprosoja-MT的反对观点表明争议仍存,未来禁令存废将直接影响亚马逊大豆的国际贸易准入。

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信息概要

类型
行业趋势
方向
巴西
分类
宏观市场
层级
编辑整理
地点
巴西大豆种植商、出口商、国际采购商(含中国贸易商)及关注环境合规的供应链企业。
核验
待核验
对象
在巴中资大豆贸易商出口商供应链合规负责人
话题
行业趋势合规政策

来源信息

来源
Valor International
原文标题
Soy planting expands on cleared land as moratorium faces scrutiny
原始语言
英语
原文链接
查看原文 →
编辑
Clara Lin
查看原文(英语

Soy planting expands on cleared land as moratorium faces scrutiny

Soybean planting in areas of the Amazon biome that were cleared after July 2008 accelerated after the first legal, legislative, and administrative challenges to the Soy Moratorium were launched. Renegotiations of farm debt remain stalled at banks Farmtech, Bayer to offer R$2bn in credit to dealers Between the 2023/24 and 2025/26 crop years, soybean planting on land that did not comply with the Soy Moratorium grew 37.2%, equivalent to 101,000 hectares, according to a study by Serasa Experian released by the Brazilian Vegetable Oil Industries Association (Abiove). The association does not have data for the 2024/25 crop year. According to André Nassar, president of Abiove, the pace of expansion in plantings that do not comply with the moratorium over the two-crop-year period was far faster than in previous seasons. For comparison, over the three crop years from 2022/23 to 2025/26, soybean planting in the Amazon on land cleared after 2008 increased by 123,000 hectares, or 49.1%. “Growth has never been this intense. Previously, [the increase in noncompliant planting] was closer to 30,000 hectares a year,” Nassar said. “The data show that without the Soy Moratorium, farmers increase planting on cleared land.” According to Nassar, “the Soy Moratorium discouraged planting on cleared land. And when you discourage it, you create a forward-looking effect.” He said the trend points to a risk of increased deforestation following the end of the agreement, as indicated by a study published by Science magazine in July. According to the research, deforestation in the Amazon could reach 1.4 million hectares over the next 10 years as a result of the agreement’s end. The acceleration in planting on cleared land occurred alongside the first initiatives challenging the Soy Moratorium, including the first complaint filed with Brazil’s Administrative Council for Economic Defense (Cade) and the passage of a law in Mato Grosso removing tax incentives from trading companies that participate in the agreement. Both developments took place in October 2024, when planting of the 2024/25 crop began. For Lucas Costa Beber, president of Mato Grosso’s soybean growers’ association Aprosoja-MT, however, Abiove’s figure, combined with recent data on deforestation alerts, “reinforces the thesis defended by producers: the weakening of the moratorium led to more efficient use of productive areas and an expansion of sustainable production.” According to Beber, “the study does not point to an increase in deforestation, but rather to increased soybean cultivation in areas considered noncompliant with the moratorium.” Beber also reiterated the argument that recent deforestation has declined. “Official data show a 37.5% drop in deforestation alerts in the Amazon between August 2025 and May 2026, the lowest level in the historical series for the period,” he said.

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